Ethics in Multicultural Counseling - 3154 Words

Ethical Issues in Multicultural Counseling Abstract In the past, counselors have lacked the knowledge and skills to interpret ethical guidelines in multicultural counseling. The ethical guidelines dictate how a counselor should have the necessary tools when conducting a counseling session. There is a shortfall of training and education when dealing with race, ethnicity, and cultural backgrounds in today’s society. Ethics is a hot topic for counselors, partially because there are so many different situations that can be affected by ethical behavior. These situations can range from betraying the clients trust to injustice. There tends to be a lot of ambiguity for how to handle a situation ethically since there are a lot of†¦show more content†¦119). Importance of Counselor’s Awareness of Ethical Standards When encountering an ethical dilemma, it is important for the counselor to be aware of ethical considerations. Making good ethical decisions is dependent on being familiar with models of ethnical decision-making, knowledge of ethical situations, and one’s own code of ethics. If a counselor is not knowledgeable of his or her ethical standards, they are more likely to break a code without even knowing it. According to Neukrug and Milliken (2011) say that few professionals are actually accused of unethical conduct during their careers, but those who can be traumatized as well as their clients from the repercussion’s of the counselors mistake (p. 206). Thankfully, there are many organizations that have established a code of ethics for their employees to abide by while in that organization. Ethical Issues Unique to Multicultural Counseling Because multicultural counseling can have a myriad of people with different personalities and backgrounds, many ethical procedures cannot address all the circumstances that a counselor could come across. According to Diller (2011) it is critical when preparing to work with clients of a particular ethnic group by doing research into the group’s history, culture, and health issues (p. 320). This would include not only academic, professional, or web searches, but travel,Show MoreRelatedWhat Does Diversity Do With Ethics?1075 Words   |  5 PagesWhat Does Diversity Have to Do with Ethics? When contemplating the subject of diversity in relation to ethics, several questions may arise for the first-year counseling student. These inquiries may be broad or rather specific. Primarily, one may wonder if the topic of diversity itself is such a significant subject that it is outlined in a code of ethics. Secondarily, if diversity is addressed, is it treated as a singular subject or broadly covered under an umbrella of principles? ConsequentlyRead MoreThe Importance Of Supervision And Being A Culturally Competent Counselor981 Words   |  4 Pages Supervision, Consultation and Being a Culturally Competent Counselor Multicultural and diversity is an important topic in counseling. Counselors provide a service to everyone, regardless their nationality, gender, sexual preference or ethnical background. All counselors are held to a high ethical standard, rather they are school, family, and marriage, mental or spiritual counselors. Counselors must be competent to work effectively with members of society who are culturally different from themselvesRead MoreThe Principle Of Autonomy, Counseling, Supervision, And / Or Practice As A Counselor1378 Words   |  6 PagesPractice as a Counselor Point out the Multicultural dimension of this principle. The principle of autonomy is considering to be the right of the clients on making their own decisions while resolving their own conflicts. 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One of the important points discussed in this article that; so far ethnicity is given very little attention in the research of psychotherapy supervision. This area needs much more attention as our societies are multicultural; people having different cultures, voices and various ethnicities work together. Comas-Diaz states that one in four Americans considers himself as an ethnic minority person. Therefore, it is very important that psychotherapy supervisors shouldRead MoreSocial, Cultural, And Economic Systems Responsible For Perpetuating Injustice1522 Words   |  7 PagesThis book provides readers with an in-depth knowledge on how to deliver effective counseling to individuals experiencing social inequalities and injustice through equipping counselors with the skills necessary for becoming agents of change. The author in his 13 chapters examines the social, cultural, and economic systems responsible for perpetuating injustice and inequality with illustrations underlying the impor tance of counselors’ acceptance of their professional, ethical, and moral responsibilityRead MoreThe Definition Of Multicultural Competence873 Words   |  4 PagesThe definition of multicultural competence means in part to approach the counseling process from the context of the personal culture of the client (Sue, Arrendondo McDavis, 1994; Sue Sue, 2007). Professional ethics compel counselors to ensure that their cultural values and biases do not override those of the client (ACA, 2005). The presenters shared personal examples of their individual cultures and how these impacted their personal and professional lives, including their professional self-awarenessRead MoreCoun 500 Personal Identity Paper1469 Words   |  6 Pagesimpact professional counseling. It will summarize my beliefs and values and what I plan to do so that I will not impose my beliefs on clients. Also, I will reflect on what I have learned during this course and how it will impact my future as a counselor. Professional Identity Section I: Professional Counselor Role The role of the professional counselor is to provide mental health services and substance abuse care to individuals, families, and groups (American Counseling Association, 2011)Read MoreCultural Competence in Counseling1866 Words   |  8 PagesCultural competence and ethical responsibility of counselors is an issue that holds increasing importance. To be both multicultural and ethical is increasingly challenging. The population of the United States is changing quickly from a predominately white Caucasian society to an ethnically diverse society`. The Hispanic population, which represented only 9% of the population in 1990, is projected to increase to about 25% of the population by 2050. The number of African Americans, Asian Americans/PacificRead MoreEthics And The Ethical Standards Essay1626 Words   |  7 Pagesis not specifically addressed by the Ethics Code does not mean that it is necessarily either moral or untrustworthy (Allan Love, 2010). Ethics is a vast, key topic in psychological research. What is necessarily taken into consideration in regards to ethics before conducting research is studying and continual reading again and again in guidelines and codes of conduct. There are questions in research require looking at what lies beyond the legislations in ethics? Where should a researcher’s moral

Family Health Assessment - 1461 Words

Heritage Assessment: Evaluation of families, cultures and views on health Anniemae Stubbs Grand Canyon University Culture and Cultural Competency in Health Promotion NURS 429 Professor Alma Celaya June 19, 2016 Heritage Assessment: Evaluation of families , cultures and views on health Cultural Heritage is a concept that is passed on from one generation to the next that depicts how people live, act, behave, or think. It can be a noticeable or vague manifestation. It includes various customs, traditions, practices, values and belief (ICOMOS, 2002). Heritage can be identified through relics, structure, sceneries, foodstuffs, clothing, linguistic and religious ceremonials. Cultural heritage is important to civilization and is needed†¦show more content†¦For instance, Americans from the south have different views and practices than Americans from the north, east or west. The Smiths’ are a typical example of this. They are a blended family Mr. Smith from the South and Mrs. Smith from the North. They consider themselves American not African Americans just blacks living in American. This family follows many beliefs and practices of Native Americans. Like many Americans they believe in gender equality, respect for self and others, disciplining children the old fashion way and caring for their elders. They believe in learning from life’s lesson. Education is vital hence all of the Smith’s children have secondary education and the majority has some college or university degree. The Smith considers themselves a middle class family and have routine doctor visits and checkups. They are insured and practice healthy eating habits and exercise 2 – 3 times a week. Mrs. Smith is a firm believer that once a child reaches adulthood (18 years of age) they are no longer the parents’ responsibility. The elderly however, must always be protected and cared for. Mrs. Smith and her family are strong believers in God of the Denominational faith. Seeking God’s guidance for health and strength thru praying first thing in the morning, last thing at night and before meals is a ritual. Sundays are usually spent in church and at family gathering after services with the extended family at her parents’ house. This time i s used to share stories,Show MoreRelatedFamily Health Assessment : Family Assessment Essay1469 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Health Assessment Family is so important in the society and it is a blessing from God. Healthy behaviors learn from within the family and family member’s stimulus one to each other with health promotion practices. There fore, the health behaviors are very essential in the family assessment and which notifies health-promotion and disease-prevention. Within families, members will be the first one to learn about to promoting health. Families have impact on children’s lifestyle choices. The AmericanRead MoreFamily Health Assessment : Family Assessment1884 Words   |  8 Pages Family Health Assessment The family assessment involves a simultaneous data collection on individual family members or if able the whole family. The nurses and other healthcare professionals interview individuals and family as a whole to understand and assess the health of the family. This interview help professionals detecting the possible origin or factors contributes to the family’s health problems. The Gordon’s functional health pattern will be used as a model to collect and organizeRead MoreFamily Health Assessment1252 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Health Assessment A family health assessment is an important tool in formulating a health care plan for a family. This paper will discuss the nurse’s role in family assessment and how this task is performed. A nurse has an important role in health promotion. To perform these tasks the author has chosen a nuclear family. By the use of family focused open ended questions, 11 functional health patterns were covered. This principle is known as the Gordon’s functional health patterns.Read MoreFamily Health Assessment1375 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Health Assessment Using Gordon’s functional health patterns to assess a family will guide the nurse in developing a comprehensive nursing assessment that is holistic in nature. Gordon’s functional health patterns are founded on 11 principles that are incorporated within the nursing practice. These 11 principles serve as a framework for a thorough nursing assessment in which to build a holistic and individual family care plan (Grand Canyon University, 2011). The author has developed family-focusedRead MoreFamily Health Assessment1150 Words   |  5 Pagesremember the family has an important role in the paradigm of health promotion for the patient. The roles in which the family plays in assisting the patient and providing care are crucial to the health of the patient and the well being of the family as a whole. One tool to assess not only a patient and their views on different aspects of health, but an entire family or even community is Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns. This as sessment tool incorporates eleven topics of health patterns. Health patternsRead MoreFamily Health Assessment1085 Words   |  5 PagesFAMILY HEALTH ASSESSMENT This assessment was conducted after interviewing the Nelson family using Gordon’s functional health pattern. Marjorie Gordon developed a method to be used by nurses in the nursing process to provide a comprehensive nursing assessment. It includes eleven principles for the collection of data and helps the nurse identify two or more wellness nursing diagnoses. It is a systematic and standardized approach to data collection (â€Å"functional health† n.d.)Read MoreHealth Assessment Of Families And Their Health1399 Words   |  6 PagesHealth is directly related to the activities in which we participate in, the food we eat, and the substances to which we are exposed to daily. Where we live and work, our gender, age, and genetic makeup also impact our health. (Nies, 2011) Assessments of family’s health are to help focus on the control and prevention of diseases. Health assessment assist in determining an individual’s perception of their quality of life along with the family’s perception as a whole. This also helps to define a person’sRead MoreFamily Health Assessment1465 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Health Assessment Family health and wellness can be influenced by many factors such as society, culture, religion, and family members. Somehow, society, culture, religion and families are connected to each other. To understand an individual, it’s important to understand the family system of an individual. Health practices, whether effective or ineffective, are activities performed by individuals or families as a whole to promote health and prevent disease (Edelman, 2010). A family healthRead MoreFamily Health Assessment1537 Words   |  7 PagesFamily Health Assessment Melody Moore Grand Canyon University NRS-429V Instructor: Renita Holmes May 10th 2013 Family Health Assessment A comprehensive family assessment provides a foundation to promote family health (Edelmanamp;Mandle, 2011).Gordon’s functional health patterns is a method developed by Marjorie Gordon in 1987 in which she proposed functional health patterns as a guide to establishing a comprehensive data base.(Kriegleramp;Harton,1992).Gordon’s eleven functional healthRead Morefamily health assessment1396 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Health Assessment A family consists of a group of interacting individuals related by blood, marriage, cohabitation, or adoption who interdependently perform relevant functions by fulfilling expected roles. (Edelman, Kudzma, Mandle, 2014, p. 150) The family has various functions that include teaching members’ values, morals and beliefs as they relate to health practices. Health can be defined as a complete state of wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease. Gordon’s functional health

Fundamentals Organizational Communication †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Fundamentals Organizational Communication? Answer: Introduction The given scenario is clearly projecting a miscommunication between two employees. The miscommunication hampered the organizational communication. The organizational communication is mostly verbal. The style and model of organizational communication largely based on the culture of the society. In an organization, employees from different organization meet each other hence, the communication varies (Shockley-Zalabak 2014). The disadvantage of diversity of communication in organization is as the employees come from different cultural background so the mode of communication changes during verbal interaction. Some cultures patronize high context communication some follow low context communication. High context communication uses jargons; information is not explicit so there are some messages remain unsaid (Ward et al. 2016). On the other hand, low context communication information is stated clearly. In the given situation, Kelly is from Chicago based company United Technologies and Henry is also from the same company but he deals with customer servicing in Indonesia. In order to speed up the task Henry was asked by Kelly to train all the service representatives in a very short term. Henry stated the challenge the operation may face is the weather condition. It was witnessed that the only 65% work is done but Kelly being a superior to Henry who operates from Chicago became offended regarding progress of the work. Key Challanges The communication challenge is faced by both the employees is place. The operational place is different for Kelly and Henry. To improve the service of the company employee training is essential. Kelly was not aware of the fact that the city where is looking after the customer servicing the city face problems during monsoon. The second challenge is time; the time schedule is too short to train all the employees (Celuch and Cecil 2014). The communication gap impedes them to comprehend each others challenge. The 65% of work was done in a pick season, which results the loss of productivity of an organization. The communication, which happened between them over phone, was ineffective because none of them understood urgency of time and the challenge of the work (Peltokorpi 2015). Another problem was that Kelly did not pay attention what Henry tried to alert her during the climate condition in monsoon. Mitigation of Problems The miscommunication can be avoided through face-to-face communication. According to Media Richness Theory, the face-to-face communication is considered as the most efficient communication. With the help of technology, people can perform face-to-face communication to reduce the confusion. To perform a 93% successful communication face to face communication helps to understand two individual as the verbal communication is performed and one can see other`s body language (Lundgren, F.E.R.E. and McMakin 2013). Even is the communication is high context but the body language helps to understand the unsaid messages and decode the delivered messages. In face-to-face communication disagreement or any matter, which is the matter of concerned, can be settled. Here, in the given situation, Henry should choose video call instead of phone call then the challenges can be understood and an alternate way can be considered. Instant feedback is important in some cases and here it was essential if the c onversation is performed over video call then a negotiation of time can be done in order train all the employees working on customer servicing. In order to perform an operational task in an organization one has to be patient and understanding. Here Kelly did not consider the fact that their service may face some external challenge, which may hamper the productivity of the organization (Hkonsson et al. 2016). In terms of overcoming that, Henry should present the problem precisely by sending some pictures regarding the problems, which may help to understand the actual problem. Conclusion To perform a good organizational operation the Media Richness Theory is most appropriate to carry out a healthy communication among the employees. It has six level in terms of effectiveness on communication. The most effective level is face-to-face communication, then Video conferencing, phone calls, two-way radio, letters or e-mails, bulk mails or posters (Shockley-Zalabak 2014). This model of communication is appropriate for a business organization to remove the ambiguity of messages and reduce the barriers of communication. This model of communication also includes the feedback of the employees, which helps to build an effective employee relationship among the employees. References Celuch, K. and Cecil, A., 2014. Communication challenges with taking an organization global: a case study featuring meeting professionals international (MPI).- ? , (2), pp.22-36. Hkonsson, D.D., Obel, B., Eskildsen, J.K. and Burton, R.M., 2016. On cooperative behavior in distributed teams: the influence of organizational design, media richness, social interaction, and interaction adaptation.Frontiers in psychology,7. Kramer, M.W., 2014.Managing uncertainty in organizational communication. Management. Lundgren, F.E.R.E. and McMakin, A.H., 2013. Face-to-face communication.Risk communication: A handbook for communicating environmental, safety, and health risks, p.191e205. Peltokorpi, V., 2015. Corporate language proficiency and reverse knowledge transfer in multinational corporations: Interactive effects of communication media richness and commitment to headquarters.Journal of International Management,21(1), pp.49-62. Shockley-Zalabak, P., 2014.Fundamentals of organizational communication. Pearson. Ward, A.K., Ravlin, E.C., Klaas, B.S., Ployhart, R.E. and Buchan, N.R., 2016. When do high-context communicators speak up? Exploring contextual communication orientation and employee voice.Journal of Applied Psychology,101(10), p.1498.

Tim OBriens The Things They Carried Essay Example For Students

Tim OBriens The Things They Carried Essay Tim OBriens The Things They CarriedCritical Review: Tim OBriens The Things They CarriedTim OBriens The Things They Carried is not a novel about the Vietnam War.It is a story about the soldiers and their experiences and emotions that are brought about from the war. OBrien makes several statements about war through these dynamic characters. He shows the violent nature of soldiers under the pressures of war, he makes an effective antiwar statement, and he comments on the reversal of a social deviation into the norm. By skillfully employing the stylistic technique of specific, conscious detail selection and utilizing connotative diction, OBrien thoroughly and convincingly makes each point.The violent nature that the soldiers acquired during their tour in Vietnam is one of OBriens predominant themes in his novel. We will write a custom essay on Tim OBriens The Things They Carried specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now By consciously selecting very descriptive details that reveal the drastic change in manner within the men, OBrien creates within the reader an understanding of the effects of war on its participants. One of the soldiers, Norman Bowler, otherwise a very gentle person, carried a Thumb. . . The Thumb was dark brown, rubbery to touch. . . It had been cut from a VC corpse, a boy of fifteen or sixteen(13). Bowler had been a very good-natured person in civilian life, yet war makes him into a very hard-mannered, emotionally devoid soldier, carrying about a severed finger as a trophy, proud of his kill. The transformation shown through Bowler is an excellent indicator of the psychological and emotional change that most of the soldiers undergo. To bring an innocent young man from sensitive to apathetic, from caring to hateful, requires a great force; the war provides this force. However, frequently are the changes more drastic. A soldier named Ted Lavender adopted an orphaned puppy. . .Azar strapped it to a Claymore antipersonnel mine and squeezed the firing device(39). Azar has become demented; to kill a puppy that someone else has adopted is horrible. However, the infliction of violence has become the norm of behavior for these men; the fleeting moment of compassion shown by one man is instantly erased by another, setting order back within the group. OBrien here shows a hint of sensitivity among the men to set up a startling contrast between the past and the present for these men. The effect produced on the reader by this contrast is one of horror; therefore fulfilling OBriens purpose, to convince the reader of wars severely negative effects. In the buffalo story, We came across a baby water buffalo. . .After supper Rat Kiley went over and stroked its nose. . .He stepped back and shot it through the right front knee. . .He shot it twice in the flanks. It wasnt to kill, it was to hurt(85). Rat displays a severe emotional problem here; however, it is still the norm. The startling degree of detached emotion brought on by the war is inherent in OBriens detailed accounts of the soldiers actions concerning the lives of other beings. OBriens use of specific and connotative diction enhances the same theme, the loss of sensitivity and increase in violent behavior among the soldiers. The VC from which Bowker took the thumb was just a boy(13), giving the image of a young, innocent person who should not have been subjected to the horrors of war. The connotation associated with boy enhances the fact that killing has no emotional effect on the Americans, that they kill for sport and do not care who or what their game may be. Just as perverse as killing boys, though, is the killing of a baby(85), the connotation being associated with human infants even though it is used to describe a young water buffalo they torture. The idea of a baby is abstract, and the killing of one is frowned upon in modern society, regardless of species. OBrien creates an attitude of disgust in the reader with the word, further fulfilling his purpose in condemning violence. Even more drastic in connotation to be killed is the orphaned puppy(39). .u7b2272a8b709262a24375937c4a2bb7f , .u7b2272a8b709262a24375937c4a2bb7f .postImageUrl , .u7b2272a8b709262a24375937c4a2bb7f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7b2272a8b709262a24375937c4a2bb7f , .u7b2272a8b709262a24375937c4a2bb7f:hover , .u7b2272a8b709262a24375937c4a2bb7f:visited , .u7b2272a8b709262a24375937c4a2bb7f:active { border:0!important; } .u7b2272a8b709262a24375937c4a2bb7f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7b2272a8b709262a24375937c4a2bb7f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7b2272a8b709262a24375937c4a2bb7f:active , .u7b2272a8b709262a24375937c4a2bb7f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7b2272a8b709262a24375937c4a2bb7f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7b2272a8b709262a24375937c4a2bb7f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7b2272a8b709262a24375937c4a2bb7f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7b2272a8b709262a24375937c4a2bb7f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7b2272a8b709262a24375937c4a2bb7f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7b2272a8b709262a24375937c4a2bb7f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7b2272a8b709262a24375937c4a2bb7f .u7b2272a8b709262a24375937c4a2bb7f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7b2272a8b709262a24375937c4a2bb7f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Achilleus leader of the Achaians and son of Peleus Essay Adding to the present idea of killing babies is the idea of killing orphaned babies, which brings out rage within the reader. The whole concept is metaphoric, based on the connotations of key words; nevertheless, it is extremely effective in conveying OBriens theme. OBrien makes a valid, effective antiwar statement in The Things They Carried. The details he includes give the reader insight into his opinions concerning the Vietnam War and the draft that was used to accumulate soldiers for the war. While thinking of escaping to Canada, he says: I was drafted to fight a war I hated. . .The American war seemed to me wrong(44). OBrien feels that U.S. involvement in Vietnamese affairs was unnecessary and wasteful. He includes an account of his plan to leave the country because he did not want to risk losing his life for a cause he did not believe in. Here OBrien shows the level of contempt felt towards the war; draft dodging is dangerous. He was not a radical antiwar enthusiast, however, for he takes only a modest stand against the war(44). While not condoning the fighting, he does not protest the war except for minimally, peacefully, and privately doing so. His dissatisfaction with the drafting process is included in his statement, I was a liberal, for Christs sake: if they needed fresh bodies, why not draft some back-to-the-stone-age-hawk?(44). OBriens point of drafting only those who approve involvement in the war is clearly made while his political standpoint is simultaneously revealed. The liberal attitude OBrien owns is very much a part of his antiwar theme; it is the axis around which his values concerning the war revolve. The antiwar statement is enhanced by OBriens use of connotative and informal diction to describe the war, its belligerent advocates, and its participants. The connotation in the adjective American in describing the war seems as though OBrien believes the Americans are making the war revolve around themselves, instead of the Vietnamese. While also criticizing Americans, he manages to once again question the necessity of United States involvement in the war. Also connotatively enhancing the antiwar theme is the word bodies to describe draftees; while an accurate evaluation scientifically, it gives the reader the impression that the young men that are being brought into the war to become statistics, part of a body count. OBrien shows very effectively the massive destruction of innocent human life brought on by Vietnam. In contrast with his sympathy toward draftees, OBrien utilizes informal, derogatory diction to describe the wars advocates. He labels his stereotype belligerent a dumb jingo(44), or moronic national pride enthusiast. By phrasing his views in such a manner, OBrien is able to convey the idea that there is enough opposition to the war that a negative slang has been implemented frequently, hence the term dumb jingo. The skill with which OBrien illustrates his views is very convincing throughout their development in the novel; his antibelligerence focus is very effective. The social deviance that has become the accepted norm in The Things They Carried is brought out by OBrien in the form of the soldiers drug usage. OBrien wants to convey the idea of negative transitions brought about by the war with a statement about marijuanas public, widespread, carefree use in Vietnam. He includes several anecdotes that illustrate to which degree the substance is abused. A friend of OBriens, Ted Lavender, carried six or seven ounces of premium dope(4), which indicates not only the soldiers familiarity with the drug, but their acquired knowledge of the quality of the drug. The discouragement of marijuana, as well as other drugs, was previously the accepted view of Americans; however, according to OBrien, is has become the norm for Americans in Vietnam. .u61a1d66dbb3bd6e75b81003a0452b5fd , .u61a1d66dbb3bd6e75b81003a0452b5fd .postImageUrl , .u61a1d66dbb3bd6e75b81003a0452b5fd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u61a1d66dbb3bd6e75b81003a0452b5fd , .u61a1d66dbb3bd6e75b81003a0452b5fd:hover , .u61a1d66dbb3bd6e75b81003a0452b5fd:visited , .u61a1d66dbb3bd6e75b81003a0452b5fd:active { border:0!important; } .u61a1d66dbb3bd6e75b81003a0452b5fd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u61a1d66dbb3bd6e75b81003a0452b5fd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u61a1d66dbb3bd6e75b81003a0452b5fd:active , .u61a1d66dbb3bd6e75b81003a0452b5fd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u61a1d66dbb3bd6e75b81003a0452b5fd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u61a1d66dbb3bd6e75b81003a0452b5fd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u61a1d66dbb3bd6e75b81003a0452b5fd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u61a1d66dbb3bd6e75b81003a0452b5fd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u61a1d66dbb3bd6e75b81003a0452b5fd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u61a1d66dbb3bd6e75b81003a0452b5fd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u61a1d66dbb3bd6e75b81003a0452b5fd .u61a1d66dbb3bd6e75b81003a0452b5fd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u61a1d66dbb3bd6e75b81003a0452b5fd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: History Royal Pavilion Essay The war has completely reversed their morals. Once they carried a corpse out to a dry paddy. . . and sat smoking the dead mans dope until the chopper came. Lieutenant Cross kept to himself(8). Even the squads supervisor, the platoon leader Lieutenant Cross, is unaffected by the soldiers blatant use of an illegal substance; he has become so used to the occurrence that he no longer condemns its use. For even a leader of men to be morally warped by the war is an effective idea in OBriens discouragement of war. As George Carlin once said to a New York audience, We love war. We are a warlike people, and therefore we love war(Carlin 1992). This view is common today among Americans since the advent of long-distance warfare and bright, colorful explosions; however, in the guerrilla warfare of Vietnam, the grudging participants loathed the idea. Tim OBrien very effectively portrays their hatred and the severe negative effects the war had on American soldiers in his excellent, convincing novel The Things They Carried. The skillful choice of details and several types of diction that reveal his theme of induced violence, his anti-war statement, and his view of the reversal of morals among GIs are effective in presenting OBriens views in this, The Last War Novel(McClung 96).