Financial Accounting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Monetary Accounting - Assignment Example In spite of the fact that the companys liquidity position has improved from 2010 to 2012, the organization should take further measures to improve its liquidity positions with the goal that the transient commitments can be paid of at whatever point they are expected. The benefit proportions are utilized to measure the general productivity of an organization comparative with its degree of deals. The working overall revenue of the organization enrolled an expansion from 27.47% in 2010 to 31.98% in 2012. The working benefit expanded by virtue of significant lessening in the surprising costs of the organization. This shows the general operational effectiveness of the organization has not improved and the expansion in working edge is the consequence of a decline in strange costs of the organization. Overall revenue of the organization saw an extensive increment from 11.09% in 2010 to 18.22% in 2012. The expansion in working benefits of the organization converted into better net benefit of the organization. Profit for resources and profit for value of the organization likewise gave indications of enhancement for the rear of an expansion in the companys by and large total compensation. BEP proportion remained generally stable in 2012 at 10.37% when cont rasted with 10.49% in 2011. The obligation the executives proportions helps in evaluating the blend of companys obligation comparative with value. Higher measure of obligation on the asset report can be hazardous for the organization as it needs to make the fixed intrigue installments to the obligation holders. InBevs absolute obligation to add up to resources tumbled from 50.45% in 2010 to 48.25% in 2011 and expanded somewhat to 48.41% in 2012. The companys complete obligation expanded in 2012, anyway ensuing increment in all out resources prompted a steady all out obligation to add up to resources proportion. The benefit the board proportions helps in deciding the proficiency of the advantages in creating a companys incomes. The stock turnover proportion of the organization has demonstrated slight improvement from 2010 to 2012. A consistent increment in companys incomes alongside resulting increment in all out stock has prompted a steady stock proportion. This

Korean Informal Relation Based Networks

Question: Is Yongo Important in setting up the Korean Informal Relation-Based Networks? Answer: The nearness of casual ties in Korea is extraordinary on the grounds that the family, school, and territorial components deciding their development. This course has caused it feasible for me to comprehend the centrality of these ties in the nation. Yongo, as a basic subject shows that college mates are a higher priority than classmates are. Significantly, private relationship frames the establishment of any commitment in this nation since nothing can be cultivated without it as clarified by Ahlstrom and Bruton (2010). With Yongo, the connections become an association built up through graduation. The people who move on from a similar college or hail from the city, or family are the establishment of the connectedness. I should recognize that understanding this relationship idea upgrade business exchange. At whatever point a business exchange starts, it gets fundamental to look for data identifying with the age, home, and the previous college where such an individual graduated. These re quests guarantee the partners characterize Yongo. Actually, by discovering Yongo, it is conceivable to change the circumstance totally. Thus, this legitimizes the centrality of Yongo in business understanding and dynamic procedure. The remote aggregates working in Korea need to take balanced situation to abstain from sharing data. Actually, a large portion of the Western associations use reminders, yet in Korea, individuals need to impart data to companions (Horak 2014). These individuals infrequently esteem the parts of compromise course of action true to form in Yongo culture. In this culture, issues or issues are tended to dependent on connections between individuals not simply the issue as they confine such issues from individuals. No ifs, ands or buts, each Korean must grasp and practice Yongo on the grounds that it comes from college, old neighborhood, and family associations. They work to look after them. This infers the Korean build up their casual systems dependent on extraordinary foundations. Reference List Ahlstrom, D. Bruton, G.D. (2010) International administration: procedure and culture in the developing scene. South-Western Cengage Learning, Australia. Horak, S. (2014) Antecedents and attributes of casual connection based systems in Korea: Yongo, Yonjul and Inmaek, Asia Pacific Business Review, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 78-108. (Accessible at https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2013.791567)

Let me introduce myself.

Let me introduce myself. My name is Camille (Cami) Mejia. I am a lover of music, dogs, baking, and BTS. I main Ashe in Overwatch. I love chemistry and biology. I have a fear of heights and needles. I am smart and capable and ready for whatever MIT has to throw at me. That last paragraph is supposedly my identity how I define myself to other people when they ask me who exactly I am. All of that stuff is mostly true. I do like music! I bake every week. BTS owns me and could hit me with their tour bus and Id say thank you. But that last sentence is something Ive been struggling with for the past month Ive been here. I am smart and capable and ready. I dont know if thats the truth. In a previous blog post, I listed out my classes (8.01, 18.01A, 3.091, and 21M.011)01 8.01 = Physics Ibr / 18.01A = sped-up version of Calculus Ibr / 3.091 = Intro to Solid-State Chemistrybr / 21M.011 = Intro to Western Music but I didnt realize exactly how unprepared I was for my classes. I knew MIT was hard. I didnt enter MIT thinking I was going to immediately thrive or pass all my classes with flying colors. I entered with pretty levelheaded expectations Im going to try my hardest because nothing here comes easy. You have to work for it. Despite that, I didnt expect to struggle this much. In 8.01 alone I spent nearly 7-9 hours each week on psets, and even then, I didnt understand the content as well as I should have. Even then, there were peers who were spending more time on the psets and not finding the urge to quit. So why was I? Seeing classmates willingly suffer through difficult psets made me convince myself that I simply wasnt trying hard enough that I was shying away from a challenge, that I wasnt trying hard enough. I beared through another week of 8.01, thinking that if I just took more notes, read the textbooks a little bit longer, stayed for all of office hours, then I would feel it a sense of understanding. That click  to go off in my head. Needless to say, it didnt. 8.01 utilizes TEAL technology-enabled active learning. Essentially, we work in groups of three and follow along with lectures via laptop. We do group problems, where we are then thrust towards whiteboards and told, Solve!. And for some, this method is useful. For me? It lacked structure. I had difficulty differentiating between when to use vector notation and hat notation, since that was something my physics teacher in high school never really went over. I felt like a detriment to my three-person team, as I floundered with the Expo marker in some desperate attempt to write something down (Does the hat go there? Wait, does this look right? Sorry, I dont know what to do. They seem to be doing something right, maybe?). At the end of each lecture, I felt mentally drained from the anxiety that would come from letting my team down and also just the exhaustion of not understanding the past two hours of class. Office hours werent any better. It felt like a clusterf*ck of students just hammering away at problems one by one and even when I asked for clarification, I didnt really understand. I needed foundation. I made the ultimate decision to switch into 8.01L, a version of Physics 1 with a slower pace that feeds into IAP. Just last week I attended my first 8.01L lecture, an early 9am in one of my favorite lecture halls, 6-120. Being in a traditional lecture style class alone made me feel more at ease. I followed and understood lectures, finished my psets in 30-40 minutes, participated more in recitation. It wasnt completely easy. I still had to ask for help on questions, but when explained to me, I  understood. I was feeling finally at peace with my classes. I was building a better foundation of my physics knowledge. Chemistry was fun and exciting. Music was informative and light-hearted. Calculus was going grea I got a D on my calculus midterm, a 45%. Granted, thats a D+, but a D nonetheless. I had previously taken AP Calculus BC in my sophomore year and gotten a 5 on the AP test with no real difficulty, aside from a couple topics that I asked for extra help with. But the 18.01A midterm was something I was fully unprepared for. Now I come to the dilemma again Am I weak for wanting to drop into 18.01, the longer but more structured class? Am I just shying away from a challenge, or do I actually need help? Cant I just suck it up for two more weeks, take the final, and be done?02 18.01A is an expedited version of calculus here where the class only lasts for half a term and not the full length My roommate, Mariia, once told me that she cant complete any of her psets without collaboration. 18.01A is the same. It seems I always have to ask for a great deal of help for 18.01A, but maybe thats just the nature of the class. Maybe its not that Im incompetent, but the class is just extremely hard. But then why the D? Why was I 10 points away from the class average? Maybe its not that the class is hard, but I dont understand. Or maybe the class is hard  and I dont understand. But if the class is meant to be hard, shouldnt I be okay? Shouldnt I be satisfied with my D and go on with my life and go through two more weeks and then just be done with calculus? This is just a glimpse into my inner monologue, as I jump from one thought to another. Drop the class, but dont. Find a better foundation, but dont look for something easy. Even now, Im looking at my pset and thought I knew what was going on. I did the first question with understanding. Question 2 completely lost me. I sat in office hours for 2 hours and I still didnt grasp a thing. I had a talk with my adviser last night and I told him about how  unnecessarily difficult the calculus problems are. I even texted a couple of friends and browsed OCW to see how much better my life would be if I just were in 18.01. Thats not to say that 18.01 is easy calculus is no easy feat. But the drastic difference between the complexity of the problems ultimately solidified my decision. 18.01A felt like a series of Gotcha! questions, whereas 18.01 felt like it was working to just solidify your knowledge of calculus. That night, I submitted my Add/Drop form to my adviser, dropping 18.01A and adding 18.01. Instantly, it felt like weight off my shoulders, which partly was because I had a pset due the next day, but also because I wasnt putting myself through anymore unnecessary stress. Still, there are downsides to switching to those classes. I look around in lecture and dont really know anyone. Ive come to hate the words Turn to a neighbor and discuss, as I awkwardly turn to the empty chair next to me or just stare ahead at the board as chatter goes on with me twiddling my thumbs. Psets are still lonely, as my friend group meets up for 8.01 and 18.02 and I just kind of wait around until theyre done or try and figure out problems on my own. Regardless, I still think these classes are the best choices for me and, at the end of the day, thats what it truly comes down to: the best option for ourselves. I came to MIT with a very skewed mindset, a strange fear of being judged or not being good enough for the people around me. I still feel like that at times. I rarely can offer any assistance for my friends psets, and I know for sure that Im not their first choice in the few occasions when they do ask me. Its spiraled into me really just asking myself: What am I good at? What am I good for? Its known I dont excel in mathematics and physics. But Im not particularly good at biology or chemistry. I cant CAD. Im bad at coding. Im only kind of okay at guitar. Ive snowballed into believing that Im about mediocre or below average at everything I put my hand to and its embarrassing. I look at my friends and can identify their strengths relatively easily, whether that be in academics, soft skills, athletics, or hobby-based skills. But when I look at myself, a giant question mark pops into my head. I jokingly call myself the stupid one in the group, but I think I say it so much that I begin to believe it. Or maybe I wasnt even joking in the first place. I try to make up for my lack of knowledge with enthusiasm and humor and various extracurriculars to give me some sort of substance, but just the thought that I will never be as academically adept will always linger. I cant fit myself into the boxes that seem to be lined up here. Declaring a major fills me with unbelievable fear because, frankly, I dont know who I am. I dont know what I like anymore. I dont know what Im good at anymore. I struggle to even say Im good at things because I dont know what good even means anymore. Good in relativity to what I knew? Or to what I know now? I love MIT and I love it here; Im just a little lost. And I think thats okay. I dont really know any freshmen whove got their shit together, and even if they do in some aspects, I know theyre struggling with others. Transitioning to college is hard, but simultaneously so, so rewarding. Life around me is changing constantly new friends, new environment, new classes, new opportunities. Since Ive been here, Ive done so many things Ive never done before. Each day Im figuring myself out a bit more and more. I found out that cooking is not as hard as I thought it was before, and, in fact, I love cooking. I discovered that I might be interested in chemical engineering. When I got my flu shot the other day, I didnt flinch and realized I had finally conquered my fear of needles. Yes, theyre small, trivial things, but Im slowly figuring out what I want to do and who I want to be. So let me reintroduce myself: My name is Camille (Cami) Mejia. I am a lover of music, dogs, baking, cooking (apparently!) and BTS. I love chemistry and biology. I love working in lab. I have a fear of heights, but not needles. And, I dont know exactly who I am or what I want to do, but I know is that Im trying my hardest. And thats good enough for me. Post Tagged #if youre in 18.01 or 8.01L please be my friend 8.01 = Physics I 1 back to text ? 18.01A is an expedited version of calculus here where the class only lasts for half a term and not the full length back to text ?

The Economic Developments Of Saudi Arabia Essay - 1127 Words

The main economic developments of the Saudi economy between 1970 and 2015. Saudi Arabia has made tremendous milestones in claiming its deserved position as a renowned world economy. In its bid to take its place among the club of the world’s largest economies, Saudi Arabia has had to make numerous economic development activities since the 1970s. First and foremost was the elevation of the oil mining status to the largest oil reserves or mining countries of the world. Huge amounts of revenue from the sale of oil boosted the establishment of various projects that the country had much desired. The Oil reserves became the countries single largest source of revenue that would drive the country from the underdeveloped sphere to the doorstep of the wealthiest nations. The government of Saudi Arabia has set the development of the country’s economy since the 1970s to conform to a predetermined five-year plans starting with the year 1970-1975 (Al Mallakh el Mallakh, 2015). These are set as a focus on the long-term goals of the economy set out as achieva ble goals within a five-year implementation process.This has led to massive economic developments of the country throughout the ages; some of the milestones that the country has made economically are as discussed. Trade For several years the countries ex[orts majorly consist of petroleum and its products with its trading partners being the United States, Japan, South Korea, Italy, United Kingdom among others. The country majorlyShow MoreRelatedThe Economic Development Of Saudi Arabia Essay2481 Words   |  10 Pagescontext of Saudi Arabia. It would be very important to highlight this aspect and take it further to the impact that it has on the economic development of the country. Moreover, the present study would allow in identifying the possible barriers or enhancers of the entrepreneurship and it could be seen as a strong element in strengthening the economy of the country. The proposed research will be helpful in finding the relation of the selected variables specifically in the context of Saudi Arabia which couldRead MoreEconomic Growth And Saudi Arabia1733 Words   |  7 PagesEconomic Growth in Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia has an economy that is largely dependent on oil, with the government maintaining the biggest control over the country s significant economic activities. Saudi Arabia owns about 16% of the global oil reserves and is the number one exporter of oil (Saudi Arabia, 2013). In addition, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was instrumental in the formation of the OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) group, which initially comprised Iraq, VenezuelaRead MoreRelationship Between Entrepreneurship And The Economic Development Essay1091 Words   |  5 PagesBUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS Introduction This research seeks to establish the relationship between entrepreneurship and the economic development in Saudi Arabia. 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The operation of an enterpriseRead MoreEntrepreneurship Assessment Strategies For Economic Development1615 Words   |  7 PagesEntrepreneurship assessment strategies for Economic Development: Developing an implementation case for Kingdom of Saudi 1.Introduction Entrepreneurship is an extremely important aspect of the modern economy. Entrepreneurship entails improving business and the development of areas that are good for a business, people and the overall economy of a country (Galindo, Mà ©ndez-Picazo, 2013). Since the need for entrepreneurship has been widely discussed and proven through research (Isenberg, 2010; KhanRead MoreInfluence Of Iran Relations On Fdi During Saudi Arabia And Gulf Countries1105 Words   |  5 Pages2.2.2.1 The influence of Iran relations on FDI in Saudi Arabia and Gulf Countries According to economic report of Aleq (2007) â€Å"Disagreement between Iran and the West will not hinder the flow of investment to the Gulf† it has been confirmed that the international high tension between Iran and the Western countries not affect the ability of the oil-rich countries (GCC) to attract foreign investment. As a result of the stability of their economies and the high liquidity that they have. It has beenRead MoreRenewable Energy Sector : Saudi Arabia1557 Words   |  7 Pagesneed for new sources of energy in Saudi Arabia led the Saudi authorities to consider investing in the renewable energy sector. Saudi Arabia is the world’s largest oil producer and exporter, but its dominance in oil production threatens the country’s environment. Therefore, Investing in the renewable energy sector would be a good substitute of a polluting source of energy; moreover, it would lesser the expensive costs of oil-based energy. However, turning Saudi Arabia into t he renewable energy sectorRead MoreSaudi Arabia Is A Monarchy Built On The Foundation Of Islam1472 Words   |  6 PagesSaudi Arabia is located in the region of the Middle East and North Africa with a population of 28.3 million people. Our government is conflicted in regards to a difficult position in the debate over climate change and the proposal to limit our carbon omissions by 15 percent in the next five years. Our country, Saudi Arabia, has the world’s largest oil reserves and an economy exclusively centered on the export of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are known to be the major drives of climate change, thus causingRead MoreSaudi Arabi Oil And Natural Gas1749 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion One Saudi Arabia is the largest oil and natural gas producer of oil in the world attributed to its vast reservoir (Jasimuddin, 2001). The economic growth seen over the years has been dependent upon exploration and production of oil for local and international market (Jasimuddin, 2001). Oil in Saudi contributes up to 40% of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and an approximate 80% of its annual revenue (Elachola Memish, 2016). Largely, the exports that emanate from Saudi Arabia to the tuneRead MoreThe Importance Of A Training Program For Women851 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction In Saudi Arabia, there is a need to activate the participation the role of women in the development process in the community. The role of female in Saudi society is to be a good mother and a good wife. Women in any society like men, and they have the same right to work. Women are less than half of Saudi society, and the estimated proportion of women in Saudi society is about 45% of the population. They have not an important and active role in the renaissance of the community. Education

Flora And Fauna Of The Columbian Exchange - 1307 Words

Flora and Fauna in the Columbian Exchange The voyage undertaken by Christopher Columbus to attempt to find a more direct route to India would fail in it s goal. Columbus would not reach India, instead he would land on the banks of a world entirely unknown to Europeans of the time period. His â€Å"discovery† of this New World would have far reaching consequences for both the world he found, and the world from which he departed. This new landmass would prove to be incredibly important in world affairs over the following centuries, with the United States eventually becoming the world superpower we know today. Diseases would be exchanged, decimating entire populations. Culture would be exchanged, bringing entirely new ideas about social order to the forefront. Ultimately however, the exchange of food, and by extension animals, would prove to be the longest-lasting and most important aspect of the Columbian exchange. This exchange of flora and fauna would shape both the New World and the Old, and would have staggering implications for the future of Europe. The exchange of crops would prove to be essential for the expansion of European populations. Staple crops in particular would migrate to Europe with returning ships, and crops such as potatoes and corn would become massively important in the diets of European peoples. The staple crops brought to Europe also had the advantage of requiring growing conditions very different from traditional European crops. This had theShow MoreRelatedAmerica Before Columbus And The Columbian Exchange1597 Words   |  7 Pagesthe arrival of conquistadors and colonists that irrevocably changed the landscape of the Americas, but that it was also the coined term known as the â€Å"Columbian Exchange† that afforded these travelers the ability to proliferate so successfully. The basic definition of the Columbian exchange is one that defines the importation of European flora and fauna. It could also loosely represe nt other imports, both intended and unintended, such as tools, implements, and even disease. Armed with this definitionRead MoreA Fundamental Rule Of Networks1093 Words   |  5 Pagesgoing to discuss include â€Å" The Columbian Exchange†, â€Å"High value luxury goods † and â€Å"Human Commodities(slave trade)† The Columbian Exchange occurred when Columbus came to the Americas.The exchange involved a transaction between the American and Afro-Eurasian hemispheres, this transaction involved an swap in plants, animals, technology and culture. He also initiated a vast exchange in microbial, flora, fauna, and people. The most devastating part of this exchange was the introduction crowd diseasesRead MoreIncas And Aztecs : Maize And Impacts Of The New World813 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluenced Creek, Choctaw, and Cherokee peoples by growing and feeding their populations. 2. Columbian Exchange a. The Columbian Exchange is a term used to describe the trade of raw materials and goods, animals, and diseases between the Old World (Europe) and the New World (the discovered world by Columbus, hence the title of the exchange). The New World provided luxury items such as gold and silver, flora and fauna such as corn, tobacco, and chocolate, and diseases such as syphilis to the Old WorldRead MoreFoundations of The Modern World Essay1064 Words   |  5 Pagestrying to find the reasons of this change came up with five foundations. They are The Columbian Exchange, Europe Confronts the World, The Industrial Revolution, The Nationalism and Democracy and Mass Transportation Communication. They are totally different, took place in different years and places but they all are ingredients of the cake that we call Modern World. The first fundamental, Columbian Exchange, refers to Columbus who was responsible for bringing Europeans to the Western HemisphereRead MoreThe Columbian Exchange And The Colonization Of The Americas2659 Words   |  11 Pages â€Å"The Columbian Exchange† When considering the discoveries of the Americas, commonly one may recall only the presence of Christopher Columbus and the fact that his discovery, or more appropriately rediscovery, brought forth the colonization of certain areas of the Americas, leading, in due time, to a variety of thriving economies that engage in mass import and export between themselves and the world at large. In doing so, it is thus forgotten that, prior to any establishment of a United StatesRead MoreHistory Of The World. Arguement: Throughout All Of Human1642 Words   |  7 Pagesform of transportation. A major item traded between southern and sub-Saharan Africa was salt. The Columbian Exchange was the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries, related to European colonization and trade after Christopher Columbus s 1492 voyage. Invasive species of flora and fauna and communicable diseases were a byproduct of the Exchange.The contact between the two areas circulatedRead MoreEssay on Global History from the 15th Century2523 Words   |  11 Pagesthe world, he was also known as the Portuguese navigator. The Columbian Exchange brought about lands with radically different flora, fauna, and diseases. Disease epidemics sparked by the Columbian Exchange probably caused the worst demographic calamity in all of world history. Between 1500 and 1800, upward of one hundred million people may have died of diseases imported into the Americas and Pacific Islands. 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In no previous epoch of history was war so vilified and peace so consciously pursued through the establishment of international organizations and diplomatic exchanges. Despite these endeavors, the levels of domestic and international violence within human populations and the ravages visited upon animals and the natural world by humans vastly exceeded that of any previous era in history. In a century where human

The Women’s Struggle for Equal Rights Free Essays

The women†s struggle for equal rights has existed throughout American history. For thousands of years women had been denied of their rights and always been thought of as having a second-class role in society. Women were powerless and considered the property of men. We will write a custom essay sample on The Women’s Struggle for Equal Rights or any similar topic only for you Order Now Women were only expected to fulfill certain roles in life. They have been given the role of being the weak, submissive, and a house-wife that was meant to stay home and care for the children. She was not expected to work outside the home. The women of the mid 1800†³s realized that it was time for a change and so began the women†s right movement. It was the mid 1800†³s and the women started to take a step. Women began fighting for equal opportunities just as men. On July 1848, three hundred people came together at Seneca Falls, New York, to discuss and resolve the inequities that had place women as second-class. At this meeting, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, one of the women who organized the convention and was also known as â€Å"Mother of the Suffrage Movement,† presented a speech. She listed the areas in which women should have equality, and surprised everyone by including the right to vote. She had used a piece from the Declaration of Independence as her model â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal.† This meeting was the start of a fight that would drag on for years. Women thought that the first step to gaining equality was being able to vote. The fight for the right to vote began in 1840. This was not an easy goal to accomplish. Along with other rights they wanted, they had to fight their way through state legislatures and congressional obstacles. Men argued that women were too sensitive and emotional and therefore would not be able to reach fair political decisions. Almost a century later, August 1920, the women†s right to vote was finally passed. It was the Nineteenth Amendment, â€Å"The right of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.† In the 1980 presidential election, for the first time women outnumbered the male voters. The gaining of the women†s right to vote gave women hope that someday men and women would be created equal. Although the women were allowed to vote, it little improved the way society portrayed women. Women still faced difficulties in experiencing equal rights. But the fact is, the women†s rights movement has made some steps into eliminating inequality. Women were denied of higher education. The highest education a woman was allowed to complete was the primarily level. Due to this lack of higher education women were to only be illegible for jobs such as secretaries and teachers. Women had a hard time finding higher professional jobs because they lacked the proper education. Parents raised their daughters towards being a house-wife, so that a higher education would be pointless. This has been somewhat of an improvement. Before their education was limited to only domestic skills. This act was very effective in schools. It was not until 1974, when Congress passed the Equal Educational Opportunities Act, which stated that no one will be denied of education due to gender, race, color, or nationality. It was able to change the way some courses only to particular sexes, in other words, putting an end to stereotyping. For example, if a girl chooses to take an auto shop course and a boy wanted to take a home economics course, they would have every right to do so. The opportunity for higher education for women gave them the chance to enter the work force. A woman could be anything whom she wants to be. All women are capable of being a housewife and caring for the children at the same time having a job. During the 1950†³s, the largest increase in work force participation was among married women compared to 1920, the typical working woman was single. Studies have found that women that are employed play a higher role in her marriage as she normally would have being unemployed. Women that were employed full-time had higher roles in marriage than a woman being part-time employed. From 1955 to 1990 the percentage of employed women has increased twelve percent. Though women were able to find jobs they still face difficulties concerning that area. Women†s work advancement was still limited compared to men. If a man and woman happen to have the same job the man was always paid more. World War I helped create new job opportunities for women, and many began to replace jobs that were once held by men. Although the women in the work force have increased, they face another problem in the work force. Discrimination. February 6, 1977, discrimination complaints in the work force have risen to 130,000. Men often humored the working women. They did not think that women were â€Å"cut out† to handle the job as well as men do. Over the years discrimination has lessen, but it still does exist. The women†s rights movement was a very historical event that dramatically changed the government. During the 18th and 19th centuries, women were outnumbered not by population, but instead by the power of men. The growing number of participants of the movement and the continuation through time eventually advanced women†s rights on both the state level and federal level. Women also proposed many Amendments into the Constitution. Eventually with changes of women in society, women began to become involved in the government. Women were being elected to serve in government offices. It seems that the early Americans preferred their women as non-professional and non-intellectual, but as homemakers. Women were expected to follow an expected role, but eventually decided to change that. The women†s right movement was created in order to gain their equality. When this movement arose, the women were being accused of being selfish for wanting the same opportunities of men. Over the years the rights movement has slowly been a success. Slowly, women†s roles in society have advanced. Society now accepts the rights of women and give them more opportunities to play a better role in society. Women of today hold positons that were once only for men. For example, in the past only men were to serve in high offices, but now so are women. Although women have achieve alot of the goals in the movement, some feel that â€Å"Women can not be equal outside of the home until men are equal inside the home.† How to cite The Women’s Struggle for Equal Rights, Papers

Teenage Pregnancy Essay Sample free essay sample

Teenage gestation is a widely controversial issue in the United States. Teenage female parents account for approximately 11 per centum of all births in the US ( Lowen ) . There are many ways in which acquiring pregnant at a immature age hinders that individual’s likeliness of go toing college or doing a sufficient income in the hereafter. If a adolescent becomes pregnant. so their gestation will hold a important negative impact on their hereafter. A adolescent has a few options as to what to make in the event of gestation. one of them being abortion. In a study I conducted of 20 females between the age of 16 and 25. 70 per centum of them thought that abortion is an acceptable response to teenage gestation. However. in world. about 45 per centum of teenage gestations end in abortion ( Teen Abortions ) . As defined by Dictionary. com. abortion is defined as â€Å"the remotion of an embryo or foetus from the womb in order to stop a gestation. There are many adolescents today who are holding prenuptial sex and non taking any safeguards needed to protect their ego against gestation. When they do acquire pregnant there are many effects. large determinations. and great duties. Turning up in this twenty-four hours and age we have seen many misss who become pregnant and are moving as if gestation is manner show. The misss are moving as if gestation is a gag and forgets that they are transporting a human being and that it’s traveling to alter their life everlastingly. Whenever they realize the world of the state of affairs it’s already excessively late for them. Adolescent Pregnancy. besides known as Teenage Pregnancy is the period where teenage misss are at a phase where their head is undeveloped and carry around a foetus in their womb. There are many troubles in being pregnant. Most misss who become pregnant as a adolescent is because when they’re in a relationship. they consider themselves â€Å"in love† . which leads them to holding phantasies of being â€Å"together forever† with their important spouse. and finally fall into the captivation of holding sex without a preventive. Others end up being in a state of affairs w here they get raped. and others merely merely want to hold a babe when they don’t know about the effects they’ll go through. but when they do stop up holding a newborn. they face and understand the impacts and obstructions in their new life. A. Significance of the survey This survey will do us cognizant of what is go oning in our society today. This issue is being ignored a batch of times. This will steer the parents and friends on what to make if a adolescent gets pregnant. For adolescent female parents. this will steer them on their options before and after gestation. This research by and large answers the undermentioned inquiries: 1. What are the causes of teenage gestation?2. What are the different alterations that will happen in her life once she is pregnant? 3. What is the existent job in teenage gestation today? 4. What are the hazards of teenage gestation?

The First World War Had Many Causes; The Historians Probably Have Not

The First World War had many causes; the historians probably have not yet discovered and discussed all of them so there might be more causes than what we know now. The spark of the Great War was the assassination of the Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, and his wife by a Serbian nationalist on the morning of June 28, 1914, while traveling in a motorcade through Sarajevo, the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Archduke was chosen as a target because Serbians feared that after his ascension to the throne, he would continue the persecution of Serbs living within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The Serbian terrorist organization, the Black Hand, had trained a small group of teenage operatives to infiltrate Bosnia and carry out the assassination of the Archduke. It is unclear how officially active the Serbian government was in the plot. However, it was uncovered years later that the leader of the Black Hand was also the head of Serbian military intelligence. In order to understand the complexity of the causes of the war, it is very helpful to know what was the opinion of the contemporaries about the causes of the Great War. In the reprint of the article "What Started the War", from August 17, 1915 issue of The Clock magazine published on the Internet the author writes: "It is thought that this war that is been ongoing for over a year, began with the assassination of the Archduke Francis Ferdinand. However, many other reasons led to this war, some occurring as far back the late 1800's. Nationalism, militarism, imperialism, and the system of alliances were four main factors that pressed the great powers towards this explosive war." According to the article above, the author stresses that the nationalism was one of the primary causes of the war. In the ninetieth and twentieth centuries, especially after the French Revolution nationalism was becoming a powerful force in Europe so people that had the same culture, language wanted their own country. And that was the problem for the government of Austria-Hungary that did not want to lose their power and control. The Slavs in the southern part of the empire were their main concern since they wanted to join up to Serbia. Militarism is the second cause according to the article above, which comes after the nationalism. To understand what the author means by militarism one should be familiar with the situation of the world in the beginning of the century, which was the result of both industrial and democratic revolutions. Britain at that time was the largest empire in the world, and it also had the largest navy. The navy was so big and strong because the Britons needed to protect their empire and maintain the sea routes between the different colonies. The Kaiser William II of Germany hated and envied Britain for having a stronger navy than his. He increased the German navy and built many warships. Britain responded with building more ships and increasing its navy too. This started a race for building more and better warships and it created tension and competition between those two countries. Imperialism and the system of alliances are the last two major causes of the War. There was a quarrel between France and Germany about controlling the colonies, and especially Morocco, which leads to a greater conflict, the Great War. Europe at that time was divided into two rival alliance systems: Triple Entente that included Great Britain, France, and Russia and the Triple Alliance, which included the Central Powers of Austria-Hungary, Germany, and eventually the Ottoman Turkish Empire. Austria-Hungary must take a large proportion of any blame for the outbreak of war in 1914. The reason for Germany's part in the causes involves Germany's "blank Check" policy. Before sending its ultimatum to Serbia, Austria needed to be sure of the support of its ally, Germany. Such support was forthcoming in the form of a telegram to the Emperor Franz Joseph on 6 July 1914. The telegram has become known to history as the "Blank Check". In order to balance the power, France and Russia signed an alliance. Russia saw itself as the 'protector of Slavs' in the war, and immediately mobilized. When the war began, the German decision that if they were going to have to fight Russia and France, they would strike at France first according to its Schlieffen Plan, and then turn West to Russia. Germans believed that Russia at the time was unprepared for war, and that it will take a long time for Russia to mobilize its army. On July 28,

Free Essays on Columbus

which they grasped by the blades, and cut themselves through ignorance†¦. But they seemed on the whole to me, to be a very poor people. They all go completely naked, even the women,†¦ I was very attentive to them, and strove to learn if they had any gold. Seeing some of them with little bits of this metal hanging at their noses† As you can see it was very easy for Columbus to take them over and treat them badly because they had no protection. That is a good example to show how cruel Columbus could act toward people he knew couldn’t fight back. This is one proof of Christopher Columbus being a conqueror. In the movie we watched in class, it told us how Columbus was just out to get gold, and riches. He ordered the natives to proclaim him governor of the lands. Since he was governor he made a law that said the natives had to bring him one bag of gold dust every three months. If they did not give him this gold(simply because their wasn’t that much gold... Free Essays on Columbus Free Essays on Columbus Christopher Columbus is the most well known explorer by most school age children. When children are young, teachers tell them that Columbus was a very good person, a hero even. To be politically correct though, Christopher Columbus brought death and destruction with him to the Americas. He stole , killed, and tortured the natives. Christopher Columbus was not a true explorer, but he was a conqueror of people. When Christopher Columbus set out on his voyage(August 3rd, 1492) to find a new route to the Indies there was no way that he could know that it would turn out the way it did. When he landed at the Caribbean Islands(October 12th, 1492), the people there were scared, but still friendly toward him. This next quote is from Columbus’ journal: â€Å"As I saw that they were very friendly to us, and perceived that they could be much more easily converted to our holy faith by gentle means than by force,†¦ Weapons they have none, nor are acquainted with them, for I showed them swords which they grasped by the blades, and cut themselves through ignorance†¦. But they seemed on the whole to me, to be a very poor people. They all go completely naked, even the women,†¦ I was very attentive to them, and strove to learn if they had any gold. Seeing some of them with little bits of this metal hanging at their noses† As you can see it was very easy for Columbus to take them over and treat them badly bec! ause they had no protection. That is a good example to show how cruel Columbus could act toward people he knew couldn’t fight back. This is one proof of Christopher Columbus being a conqueror. In the movie we watched in class, it told us how Columbus was just out to get gold, and riches. He ordered the natives to proclaim him governor of the lands. Since he was governor he made a law that said the natives had to bring him one bag of gold dust every three months. If they did not give him this gold(simply because their wasn’t that much g... Free Essays on Columbus Christopher Columbus is the most well known explorer by most school age children. When children are young, teachers tell them that Columbus was a very good person, a hero even. To be politically correct though, Christopher Columbus brought death and destruction with him to the Americas. He stole , killed, and tortured the natives. Christopher Columbus was not a true explorer, but he was a conqueror of people. When Christopher Columbus set out on his voyage(August 3rd, 1492) to find a new route to the Indies there was no way that he could know that it would turn out the way it did. When he landed at the Caribbean Islands(October 12th, 1492), the people there were scared, but still friendly toward him. This next quote is from Columbus’ journal: â€Å"As I saw that they were very friendly to us, and perceived that they could be much more easily converted to our holy faith by gentle means than by force,†¦ Weapons they have none, nor are acquainted with them, for I showed them swords which they grasped by the blades, and cut themselves through ignorance†¦. But they seemed on the whole to me, to be a very poor people. They all go completely naked, even the women,†¦ I was very attentive to them, and strove to learn if they had any gold. Seeing some of them with little bits of this metal hanging at their noses† As you can see it was very easy for Columbus to take them over and treat them badly because they had no protection. That is a good example to show how cruel Columbus could act toward people he knew couldn’t fight back. This is one proof of Christopher Columbus being a conqueror. In the movie we watched in class, it told us how Columbus was just out to get gold, and riches. He ordered the natives to proclaim him governor of the lands. Since he was governor he made a law that said the natives had to bring him one bag of gold dust every three months. If they did not give him this gold(simply because their wasn’t that much gold... Free Essays on Columbus Columbus and the Indians Christopher Columbus is easily one of the most famous and most well known men in the world. Although people learn about Columbus in school, they don’t learn enough about him to realize that he wasn’t such a hero. He wasn’t that great, brave, kind man that people picture when they hear his name; he was a slave driver and a murderer. In this paper, I am going to talk about why Columbus killed so many innocent people, and why he acted the way he did towards the people who could have helped him. All Columbus was looking for was power. Wherever he went, and who ever he saw, he would picture them as slaves, and try to imagine how they could make his life better. In Columbus’s journey to the Bahamas he wrote: â€Å"They do not bear arms, and do not know them, for I showed them a sword, they took it by the edge and cut themselves out of ignorance. The have no iron. Their spears are made of cane†¦.They would make fine servants†¦.With fifty men, we could subjugate them all and make them do whatever we want.† Columbus wrote this when he first met the Arawak Indians. Later, he wrote: â€Å"As soon as I arrived in the Indies, on the first island which I found, I took some of the natives by force in order that they might learn and might give me some information of whatever there is in these parts.† Columbus’s journals have told us many things about him. They have told us that he believes in slavery, and that he is a very hostile man. However, his journals make you wonder one thing; what was Columbus looking for? Columbus was looking for gold. He was sent on a mission by the king and queen of Spain. His mission was to find gold. Columbus didn’t know how to do this, so he used his great power, against little, harmless tribes, in an attempt to get information. When the tribes wouldn’t help him either because they didn’t speak the right language, or because they didn’t know, Columbus would kill...

How health psychology research might contribute to solving health Essay

How health psychology research might contribute to solving health problems associated with socioeconomic disadvantage - Essay Example These health problems could be understood from a much narrowed down perspective – one that is significant to the whole related discussion. The patients who have socioeconomic disadvantages are the ones who suffer the most because they have lack of resources available at their disposal and this means that they seem to miss out on a number of health benefits which the state (the public sector) or the private sector has brought forward for them. Socioeconomic disparities could play havoc with the mental and physical self of the patients in a very drastic manner. It hampers the manner under which patients could manifest their health basis with the money that they have to take care of their lingering health related problems. They usually measure up their ailments in the light of the money that they could muster in order to bring a remedy for the same. (Stecklov, 2001) The state has a huge role to play in changing the way people think. This could be done if proper facilities could be made available and if there are adequate arrangements to take care of the potential health threats that the deprived individuals can face with the passage of time. Research in the health psychology domains would reap rich dividends. The reason for the same is that it will pinpoint the grey areas as well as find out the exact problems that owe a hand or two towards the declining regimes of health basis within the people who are at a socioeconomic disadvantage and loss within any society. It will examine the exact basis of growth within these problems and look to solve the same in the light of the present day case studies. (Repper, 1998) It will seek help from researchers in the same field and understand the rationales behind socioeconomic disparities and how the two work hand in hand (in a negative connotation) towards the deterioration of health standards within a society to say the

Acoustic Emission and Vibration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Acoustic Emission and Vibration - Essay Example The process of early detection has proved to be a very crucial factor in condition monitoring as well as serving as a basic extended CBM component (Zamada and Masuda, 1999, p. 160). Though the two sensors are effectively applied in this process, there exist several differences in their applications as well as a number of advantages and disadvantages over each other. The acoustic emission normally abbreviated as AE refers to sound waves that are normally produced in the event that a material is subjected to stress due to internal changes and external forces. A good example of this phenomenon is the mechanical loading which generates elastic wave’s sources (Lokajicek and Sikula, 1996, p. 312). Over the years, acoustic emission has steadily replaced the use of vibration techniques that were used traditionally. This transformation is closely associated with the better working conditions witnessed while working with acoustic emission. Vibration sensing has been associated with a nu mber of mechanical conditions such as processes that result in energy loses like friction and impacts, machinery deteriorates, and frequencies that come in a broad range. Acoustic emission on the other hand makes use of much higher frequencies when it comes to vibration movements that are synchronous. By using such frequencies, this technique makes it possible to detect signal parts experiencing high signals and also allows the detections of miniscule activities that come in large amounts like brief impacts, slight rubs or crushing of single lubricant particles. This means that acoustic emission technique is in apposition to detect failures that are impending before they take place and goes further to monitor their progress afterwards (Mori, Saruhashi and Mogi, 1994, p. 375). Though vibration analysis has been in operation for many years, it is associated with a number of disadvantages including its knowledge levels that are unsustainable and its requirements being costly while tryi ng to achieve a good diagnosis. The above setbacks make vibration analysis valuable but overly complicated compared to acoustic emission. Acoustic emission offers detecting warnings early enough on small defects and wear while vibration sensing has to wait until a defect occurs before it detects it. Acoustic emission technique also picks up more information as compared to vibration sensing. Some of the additional information picked up by acoustic emission include; friction, lubrication and cracking. Vibration sensing is in no position to pick up such information. Despite this realization, it is evident that the total information that can be picked by acoustic emission is limited as compared to that obtained by vibration analysis (Mori and Obata, 1998, p. 340). The Differences between Acoustic Emission Sensor and Vibration Sensor The acoustic emission signal processing is complicated in such a way that it cannot be conducted by every individual due to its high frequency signal. It ca lls for expertise in the interpretation of the oscilloscope’s squiggly lines. This technique allows machines to be run continuously, slowly, for a duration that is short and to be operated intermittently. Acoustic emission also permits for problem diagnosis on machines to be carried out in its early stages, gives room for maintenance procedures and allows for the monitoring of the improvement. By allowing such procedures and process, the technique provides early information that is real time on faults applicability and sensitivity to a broad speed rotational (Simpson, 1991). Contrary to vibration sensing, acoustic emission

Case study: Mental Retardation

Case study: Mental Retardation Introduction When you go out from your house today, try to observe the people around our environment, and we will found that not everyone cans physically function like us or at normal level. For instance, there are individual who blind, deaf are, and also who are not able to speak or move around. Generally, people refer them as physically disabled, so we will see this group of people having the special privilege such as in the shopping complexs parking space, special parking was prepared with the label disable. On another hand, there are people who cant mentally function at normal level like most of us. They might have not able to control their body movement, their intelligence, social interaction as well as language since the birth or early childhood. In this case, we are referring them as mental retardation. The American Association on Mental Retardation (2002) defined mental retardation as a particular state of functioning that begins in childhood and characterized by limitation in both intelligence and adaptive skills. According to National Information center for children and youth with disabilities (2002), we label a person with mental retardation when he or she has specific limitation in mental functioning and also in skills such as communicating, taking care of him or herself as well as social skills. All of this limitation will cost the children in their learning, such as slow in learning and development comparing to others typical child (National Information center for children and youth with disabilities, 2002). Mental retardation also reflects the fix between the capabilities of individuals and the structure and expectation of their environment (The American Association on Mental Retardation, 2002). In specific example, children with mental retardation may need longer time in le arning to speak, walk, and take care of their personal needs such as eating or dressing (National Information center for children and youth with disabilities, 2002). They are more likely to have problem learning in normal school (National Information center for children and youth with disabilities, 2002). They can learn, but probably needed a longer time or else there are something that they just cant learn (National Information center for children and youth with disabilities, 2002). Mental retardation is sub-average general intellectual functioning that related with concurrent impairments in adaptive behaviour and manifested during the developmental period (Southern association of institutional dentists, 2010). Mental retardation is an effectual theoretical intelligence, which is congenital or acquired early in life (Stefanovska, Nakova, Radojkova-nikolovska, Ristoska, 2010). Children with mental retardation have the low rate of understanding and limited domain of attention (Rezai yan, Mohammadi Fallah, 2007). The 34 Code of Federal Regulations 300.7(c)(6) of The United States Department of education defined mental retardation as significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behaviour and manifested during the developmental period, that adversely affects a childs educational performance (Federal registration, 1999). The statistic showed that averagely, 3% of the general population will be suffered from mental retardation (Southern association of institutional dentists, 2010). Most people with mental retardation are diagnosed before or during first years of school (Southern association of institutional dentists, 2010). The prevalence provided by statistical manual of mental disorders fourth edition text revision [DSM-IV-TR] (2000) mentioned that mental retardation has been predictable at roughly 1%. In term of gender, the ration for male to female is 1.5 to 1 (American Psychiatric Association [DSM-IV-TR], 2000). This shown that mental retardation affect more male. The misconception about how people perceive what is mental retardation also being pointing out. According to a case study from World Health Organisation (2006), a special education teacher who teaches the disable children is advised by the family and also neighbours to resign from her work when she is pregnant after 12 years of marriage. The reason given is that they want her to avoid contact with these types of children (means disable), concerning her unborn child will be like them. Acknowledged that this is superstitions, and with the support from her husband, she continues to help the children at the centre, and now her new born daughters intelligence is above average. Mental retardation is not something such as you having green eyes, bad heart, or you are born short or thin, it is also not medical disorder, nor a mental disorder (The American Association on Mental Retardation, 2002). Criteria Definition Referring to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders fourth edition text revision (DSM-IV-TR), published by American Psychiatric Association, there are three components of feature of mental retardation, which all of the component must be present to diagnose a patient with mental retardation (American Psychiatric Association [DSM-IV-TR], 2000). The three diagnostic criteria for Mental Retardation are as below: Criterion A. Significantly sub-average intellectual functioning: an IQ of approximately 70 or below on an individually administered IQ test (for infants, a clinical judgment of significantly sub-average intellectual functioning). Criterion B. Concurrent deficits or impairments in present adaptive functioning (i .e., the persons effectiveness in meeting the standards expected for his or her age by his or her cultural group) in at least two of the following areas: communication, self-care, home living, social / interpersonal skills, use of community resources, self-direction, functional academic skills, work, leisure, health, and safety. Criterion C. The onset is before age 18 years. In Criterion A, IQ or Intelligence quotient test had used to administer the general intellectual functioning of an individual. Intelligence is the general mental capability. It included the ability in reasoning, problem solving, abstract thinking, understanding complex ideas, quickly in learning, and also experience learning (American Association on Mental Retardation, 2002). The commonly IQ test such as the 3rd edition Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children; 4th Edition Stanford-Binet; and also Kaufman Assessment battery for children. All of this is an individually administered intelligence test. The cut-off score is IQ test scored 70 or sub-average intellectual functioning is IQ score of about 70 or below, which are two standards deviation below the mean. However, in some cases, although the individuals IQ score is below 70, he or she should not be diagnosed as mental retardation if there is no obvious disturbance in adaptive functioning. Adaptive functioning will be explained i n Criterion B. The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders fourth edition text revision (DSM-IV-TR) (2000), some others factor that may result an individual score poorly should be taken into consideration. For example, some of the factors include the socio-cultural background of an individual; the problem with native language; as well as related communicative, motor and sensory handicaps (American Psychiatric Association [DSM-IV-TR], 2000). There is four degree of severity of mental retardation. The degree of severity is determined by the IQ scores. The summary of the retardation and IQ level are as below: Mild mental retardation IQ level 50-55 to approximately 70 Moderate retardation IQ level 35-40 to 50-55 Several mental retardation IQ level 20-25 to 35-40 Profound mental retardation IQ level below 20 or 25 (American Psychiatric Association [DSM-IV-TR], 2000) About 85% of the mental retardation patient is fall under Mild Mental Retardation, which their IQ level through IQ test is about 50-55 to approximately 70 (American Psychiatric Association [DSM-IV-TR], 2000). Normally, they cant be differentiating with normal children at the age of 0-5 years old. This is because; the social and communication skills are developing at the age of pre-school (American Psychiatric Association [DSM-IV-TR], 2000). At this stage, they have minimal disturbance in sensor motors areas (American Psychiatric Association [DSM-IV-TR], 2000). The characteristic representing this category is the role of Forest in the movie Forest Gump. In the movie, Forest ever said that I been an idiot since I was born. My IQ is near 70, which qualifies me, so they say. (Smith, 2006). With the appropriate support, patient with mild mental retardation can live successfully. Forest, who always being classified as retarded used chocolate to contrasting portrait of his struggle until he become a football star in the college, Vietnam war hero, and a successful business man (Smith, 2006). . On patients with moderate mental retardation, we usually refer them as trainable (American Psychiatric Association [DSM-IV-TR], 2000). About 10% of the mental retarded patients fall under this category (American Psychiatric Association [DSM-IV-TR], 2000). They learn communication skills at the early childhood, so that they can benefit from vocational training. With moderate supervision, patient with moderate mental retardation can actually fulfill personal care. They are able to travel by them self in a familiar setting; however they cant progress beyond the 2nd grade level in the academic subject (American Psychiatric Association [DSM-IV-TR], 2000). In a supervised condition, patient can function well with the community around them. For patient with severe mental retardation, they are actually 3-4% of the mental retardation population (American Psychiatric Association [DSM-IV-TR], 2000). During pre-school period, they might learn a little or no communication skills. During the school period, they learn talking at secondary level, they can be teaches in self-care. In a closely supervise condition, they can function well in life if they do not involve in any handicap. Patient of mental retardation who falls under the profound mental retardation is 1-2% (American Psychiatric Association [DSM-IV-TR], 2000). Most of the patient has a neurological condition that result their mental retardation. Their motor development, self-care, and communication skills can be improve if there is a proper education being given to them. If a mentally retarded patient who cant be categories within this four degree of severity, they will be put under the category mental retardation, severity unspecified. In Criterion B, impairment in adaptive functioning is the focus. Impairment functioning is the effectiveness of a person coping with daily life events and also how well a person achieve the standard of self independence expected by their age group in a particular socio cultural back ground as well as community setting (American Psychiatric Association [DSM-IV-TR], 2000). Yet, there are various factors that might influence the adaptive functioning of a person with mental retardation. Some of the factors are education, motivation, a persons characteristic, social and vocational opportunities and the mental disorder and general medical conditions (American Psychiatric Association [DSM-IV-TR], 2000). The areas of adaptive functioning concerning is communication, self-care, home living, social social / interpersonal skills, use of community resources, self-direction, functional academic skills, work, leisure, health, and safety. A person can only be diagnose with mental retardation if he meet any 2 of the area concerning in criterion B. For example, at the age of 16 years old, a person could not speak and poorly performance in academic. In criterion C, age is the focus. The onset must be before 18 years old. Intervention Programme Intervention programme are to believe will help the children with mental retardation to cope better in their daily life as well as future life. Intervention program for the mentally retarded children usually take part by the government, non-governmental organisation, school and also psychologist or expert in the field. Although it was take part by many organisations, but we have to aware that the intervention program cost a large sum of money. Medical news today (2006) reported as in years 2000, money spend for patients with mental disorder is about 51 billion dollars. However, the intervention program is still necessary to provide the patient another part of life. One of the intervention programs for children with mental retarded is occupational therapy. In occupational therapy, thought about daily life functioning being discuss and share with the children (Kottorp, Hallgren, Bernspang, Fisher, 2003). This therapy leads the children to perform the daily life task that the child would like to, or the task which is expected by the society or cultural back ground (Kottorp, Hallgren, Bernspang, Fisher, 2003). The most important aims of occupational therapy are to lead the children to have meaningful and purposeful occupations through the intervention (Kottorp, Hallgren, Bernspang, Fisher, 2003). Occupational therapy also focuses to help the child with mental retardation to develop fine motor control (Reynolds Dombeck, 2006).This fine motor skills is needed by the children with mental retardation to perform concentrated tasks (Reynolds Dombeck, 2006). Some of the concentrated tasks are like writing or drawing. All of this basic concentrated ta sk is important for self-help and academic skills in the later life of the children (Reynolds Dombeck, 2006). Researcher found that occupational intervention program had a positive feedback (Kottorp, Hallgren, Bernspang, Fisher, 2003). Patient can carry out activities of daily living in a safe and efficient manner. (Kottorp, Hallgren, Bernspang, Fisher, 2003). In summary, Occupational therapy intervention program for children with mental retardation, aims to help the children to meaningful and purposeful activity. The activity include self-care, care for others, appreciate life and socially active in various situation. Mental retarded children who went through this therapy will able to use the skills learned in future. Another intervention program for children suggested by researcher is tooth-brushing intervention program. In a study done by Stefanovska, Nakova, Radojkova-nikolovska, Ristoska (2010), they designed a 6 month intervention program that focus on the encouragement of independent manual skills looking after personal oral hygiene.100 school children at the age of 9-16 with low and moderate mental retardation in Skopje. Althought tooth brushing seems to be very easy for us, but it actually is a voluntary activity that requires motivation and physical ability. In term of motivation, the children with mental retardation are require to understand what is needed and also the reason or benefits of tooth brushing; and also the desire to achieve the benefit (reducing the plaque). Yet, they found that children with mentally retarded are not capable in understanding the oral hygiene procedures but they accept the change (Stefanovska, Nakova, Radojkova-nikolovska, Ristoska 2010). According to the researcher, patient of mental retardation normally suffered from periodontal disease. The result of their study showed that this six month program was effective in reducing the plaque and gingivitis scores and the long term success of the program is to maintain the childrens motivation to brush their own teeth and make this part of their daily routine (Stefanovska, Nakova, Radojkova-nikolovska, Ristoska 2010). Calculated the long term benefit, tooth brushing is actually cost effective ways of reducing plaque, reducing the needs to see dental doctor and others. The mentally retarded children are able to brush their own tooth with proper encouragement and motivation. Besides that, Rezaiyan, Mohammadi Fallah (2007) proposed that computer game as an intervention instrument focusing on the attention capacity of the mentally retarded children. In their experiment, 60 male mentally retarded children were recruited from two 24 hours care centers in Tehra. All of them had an IQ level between 50 and 70 with no physical disability. The result of their study indicated that intervention of computer games increased the attention span of the mentally retarded children (Rezaiyan, Mohammadi Fallah, 2007). Not only that, intervention of computer game also help in increasing the internal motivation and activity if the children (Rezaiyan, Mohammadi Fallah, 2007). The mentally retarded children was attracted by feature of the computer games such as competition, laugh, curiosity and others, and all of this helped in improving the ability to pay attention (Rezaiyan, Mohammadi Fallah, 2007). The children also learned problem solving skills through the games Rezaiy an, Mohammadi Fallah, 2007). In order to complete the game, the children need to practice and keep repeating the same process, this had help the children in self understanding skills, while paying attention to an object or location will improve the nervous system process (Rezaiyan, Mohammadi Fallah, 2007). In summary, as we can see, the main function of the computer games is to help the children in understand and paying attention. The two benefits are actually interrelated to each others, to pay attention you need to understand, understanding help you in paying attention. The mentally retarded children need both of this skill. However, we should also consider the side effect of using computer. Special education is another intervention program for the children with mental retardation. In Malaysia, a Non-governmental organisation, Lions Club of Kota Bharu operates a Down syndrome centre to give pre-school education to the Down syndrome children ages there to six years (Dahari, 2009). Down syndrome cause by the non-disjunction of chromosome 21and is the leading genetic cause of mental retardation (Ghosh, Sinha, Chatterjee Nandagopal, 2009). After graduated from the canter, the Down syndrome children will be sending to the special classes in the government school. They adopt the Macquire Small step curriculum as teaching guide or you may called it as early intervention program. The term intervention is used to cover physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy and special education help. There are several type of intervention provided such as home based, centre based, and nursery based. Parents with Down syndrome children might send their children to this centre for ea rly education. Mentally retarded children are educable (Demirel, 2010). Another intervention in term of education being done in Turkey, the curriculum for children with mental retardation was designed at primary school level, attending private class, focusing on improving the skills of understanding, showing positive social relations, adjusting to the social, technological and physical environment and surviving independently (Demirel, 2010). From two of this example, we can see that education actually help the mentally children to make their life better. As a psychologist, we should support all kind of effort in coming out with special education for the mentally retarded children. Education is one of the best intervention programs for the children. In conclusion, no one is this world choose to be born mentally retarded; mentally retarded is a give but not a choice. As a normal human, we should not discriminate them yet give them the best of what we can do. Intervention program had being proven able to help the children with mental retardation to have a batter life. Every one of us should play our roles in supporting all kind of intervention program. As a psychologist, we actually can do many things for them as there are within our area of study, we can contribute idea regarding their well fare, education and in others issues. They had born unlucky, why not we shown them another part of life?

Preventing Blood Stream Infections Health And Social Care Essay

National Patient Safety Goals ( NPSG ) were introduced in 2002 in order to assist turn to some of the issues that were responsible for doing a bulk of the state of affairss that were responsible for making patient safety issues. These ends were implemented in order to set concentrate on what were deemed to be the most preventable of these issues. One of these ends is the bar of cardinal line-associated blood watercourse infections ( Lyles, Fanikos, & A ; Jewell, 2009 ) . Literature Review Central venous catheters ( CVC ) are indispensable in the attention of critically sick patients. However, their usage is non without hazard. Catheter-associated blood stream infections ( CA-BSI ) are common healthcare-associated infections in intensive attention unit ( ICU ) patients and have been estimated to happen in 3 % -7 % of all patients with CVC ( Warren, et al. , 2006 ) . It is good documented that intravascular catheter related complications are associated with widening hospital length of stay, increasing direct costs and increasing ICU mortality. Clinicians insert about 7 million cardinal venous entree devices ( CVAD ) yearly in the United States, and of these, 1 in 20 is associated with a CA-BSI, despite the usage of the best available sterile techniques during catheter interpolation and care. Overall, an estimated 250,000 CVAD-related CA-BSI occur yearly, with an attributed mortality of 12.5 % to 25 % per happening. The national cost of handling CA-BSI peers $ 25,000 per infection, severally, or $ 296 million to $ 2.3 billion in entire. While the figure of CA-BSI has remained comparatively steady, vascular entree device usage has drastically increased, particularly in nonhospital scenes ( Rosenthal, 2006 ) . A huge sum of research is directed toward cut downing these complications in an attempt to better patient outcomes. A reappraisal of the literature provides an overview of current recommendations refering intravascular catheter attention and research sing the usage of instruction plans to advance recommended pattern. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) published the Guidelines for the Prevention of Intravascular Catheter-Related Infections in 2002, which is the benchmark for all intravascular catheter attention recommendations. The guidelines for CVC suggest the replacing of dressings every 7 yearss or when soiled or loosened, endovenous tube alterations every 72 hours, and the replacing of tubing used to administrate blood merchandises and lipid emulsions within 24 hours of extract induction ( East & A ; Jacoby, 2005 ) . Harmonizing to the CDC, about 53 % of grownup patients in intensive attention units have a cardinal venous catheter on any given twenty-four hours ( Rupp, et al. , 2005 ) . Skin cleaning of the interpolation site is regarded as one of the most of import steps for forestalling catheter-related infection. Historically, povidone-iodine is an antiseptic that has been used during the interpolation and care of the intravascular devices. It works by perforating the cell wall of the micro-organism. More late, chlorhexidine has been studied and found to be more effectual as a skin antiseptic to forestall catheter-related infection. It works in less clip, retains its antibacterial consequence against vegetation thirster, is non inactivated by the presence of blood or human protein, and causes minimum skin annoyance. Chlorhexidine works by interrupting the microbial cell wall. It is active against many Gram-positive and to a somewhat lesser degree Gram-negative bacteria ( Astle & A ; Jensen, 2005 ) . A multistep procedure is recommended to forestall CA-BSI that includes: educating staff, utilizing maximum barrier safeguards ( e.g. a unfertile gown and baseball mitts, mask, cap, and big unfertile curtain ) , executing infection surveillance, and replacing occlusive dressing every 7 yearss or when needed ( Buttes, Lattus, Stout, & A ; Thomas, 2006 ) . Other strongly recommended patterns include proper manus hygiene, usage of chlorhexidine gluconate for interpolation site readying, and turning away of everyday catheter alterations. Catheters impregnated with antimicrobic agents are recommended when infection rates are high or when catheters will stay in topographic point for a considerable clip ( Krein, et al. , 2007 ) . Education of staff on the proper attention of CVC is paramount in cut downing the sum of CA-BSI. This is possibly one of the most cost-efficient methods of cut downing CA-BSI ( Ramritu, Halton, Cook, Whitby, & A ; Graves, 2007 ) . Execution A staff instruction plan was initiated for the nursing forces that chiefly deal with CVC. This instruction plan was aimed at developing the ICU and step-down unitaa‚Â ¬a„?s nursing staff proper attention and care of the CVC. Education focused on proper attention of the CVC, including when dressing alterations should be performed e.g. every 7 yearss or when the dressing is soiled. Nurses were besides trained in how to suitably help with CVC arrangement and the certification tool that infection control utilizes to measure attachment to interpolation guidelines. Posters were besides placed in the nurseaa‚Â ¬a„?s interruption and conference countries that had educational stuff related to proper attention of CVC. Documentation was besides placed in the physicianaa‚Â ¬a„?s lounges that bucked up use of maximum barrier safeguards during CVC interpolation. The installation that was observed presently utilizes a few different agencies of measuring with respects to CA-BSI. First, a checklist is utilised during CVC interpolation that evaluates attachment to interpolation guidelines by the staff. This checklist is sent to infection control and entered into a database which is correlated with patient informations sing CA-BSI. Second, in patients that are identified as holding a CA-BSI, after catheter remotion, laboratory microbiological surveies of the catheter, blood, and interpolation site swabs are performed to place causality of the infection. Execution Compared to Literature Suggestions Practices that cut down the hazard of CA-BSI include the undermentioned: ( 1 ) usage of maximum barrier safeguards during CVC interpolation ( i.e. , a surgical mask, unfertile gown, unfertile baseball mitts, and big unfertile curtains ) , ( 2 ) arrangement of the catheter in the subclavian vena instead than the internal jugular or femoral vena, ( 3 ) altering catheters merely when necessary, and ( 4 ) altering dressings on CVC issue sites when they become nonocclusive, soiled, or bloody. These patterns have been incorporated into national guidelines. Presently, the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee ( HICPAC ) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) recommends that infirmaries implement comprehensive educational plans that teach proper CVC interpolation and care techniques ( Warren, et al. , 2006 ) . These patterns are largely in line with what is implemented at the ascertained installation. One difference, which is non in line with these reco mmendations, is that the ascertained installation has a high figure of internal jugular interpolations instead than using the subclavian vena. When asked about this, many of the doctors stated that entree was easier to place utilizing ultrasound during interpolation and they preferred this method over subclavian interpolation. Recommended Changes First, execution of an instruction plan for suppliers that is focused on infection control, particularly the recommendation of using the subclavian vena interpolation for CVC arrangement as a first pick in patients that have no contraindications to this arrangement. Second, securing the second-generation antiseptic catheter, coated with chlorhexidine and Ag sulfadiazine on the internal and external surfaces, to more efficaciously prevent microbic colonisation in patients that are identified as being at hazard. Decreased bacterial colonisation, a critical measure in the pathogenesis of catheter-associated infection, may correlate with bar of catheter-related bacteriemia ( Rupp, et al. , 2005 ) . Third, instruction and preparation demands to be expanded to any nurses that may be responsible for caring for a patient with a CVC. These countries include non-critical attention countries such as paediatric and medical floors. Larger Numberss of patients with CVC are now found in non-ICUs th an in ICUs and that CA-BSI rates in those scenes are higher. Catheter types and interpolation sites vary greatly among scenes. For illustration, jugular and femoral interpolation sites are common in ICUs ; subclavian and peripheral sites are more common elsewhere. So schemes for cut downing CA-BSI must be tailored to the scene ( Hadaway, 2006 ) .

Marketing Management paper Essay

Questions: 1. Explain how Marketing affects the outcome of the financial equation: Sales-Expense=Profit. What risk the company might be facing in this equation with regards to marketing? Expound on the importance of marketing in sustaining business growth. (5 points.) In the equation, Sales-Expense=Profit, activities done in Marketing can be said or considered as marketing expenses that includes advertising costs, promotions, PR events and Marketing Research costs (e.g. FGD, etc.). Through the income statement, we can get the Profit or Revenue and costs or expenses. These may include the costs of marketing the product or services with other costs that is deducted from the amount of sales or total sales. The idea is to increase the revenue while costs are incurred through marketing activities. However, in order to achieve this, marketing activities must be done effectively and the costs or expenses should be managed correctly in order to create good results. Marketing activities that are not managed properly may incur additional costs to the company and continue on to increase. This is especially applicable to companies with different product portfolios and margins, wherein they can incur losses once the profitability of a product decreases. Read more:  What is New Public Management? 2. Why do companies resort to market segmentation? Explain why or how segmentation can be an effective market entry/penetration strategy. Give an example not discussed in the class. (10 points) Better matching of customer needs Customer needs differ. Creating separate offers for each segment makes sense and provides customers with a better solution. Enhanced profits for business Customers have different disposable income. They are, therefore, different in how sensitive they are to price. By segmenting markets, businesses can raise average prices and subsequently enhance profits Better opportunities for growth Market segmentation can build sales. For example, customers can be encouraged to â€Å"trade-up† after being introduced to a particular product with an introductory, lower-priced product Retain more customers Customer circumstances change, for example they grow older, form families, change jobs or get promoted, change their buying patterns. By marketing products that appeal to customers at different stages of their life (â€Å"life-cycle†), a business can retain customers who might otherwise switch to competing products and brands Target marketing communications Businesses need to deliver their marketing message to a relevant customer audience. If the target market is too broad, there is a strong risk that (1) the key customers are missed and (2) the cost of communicating to customers becomes too high / unprofitable. By segmenting markets, the target customer can be reached more often and at lower cost Gain share of the market segment Unless a business has a strong or leading share of a market, it is unlikely to be maximizing its profitability. Minor brands suffer from lack of scale economies in production and marketing, pressures from distributors and limited space on the shelves. Through careful segmentation and targeting, businesses can often achieve competitive production and marketing costs and become the preferred choice of customers and distributors. In other words, segmentation offers the opportunity for smaller firms to compete with bigger ones. 3. What can be a good segment to target for a facial care product? Why? What can be a compelling consumer insight and your corresponding value proposition? Illustrate your brand DNA diagram and prepare a positioning statement and a tagline. Outline your IMC campaign. (15 points) Segment – Facial products made especially for men Customer insight – There are many facial products available in the market but focused only on female needs, including anti-ageing products. Facial care products for men are very limited as not all facial care companies delve into the market. However, due to the growing number of men getting more conscious of their appearance, they look for products that are made especially for us. This is also because Men’s skin differs from Ladies thus their skin needs differ. Value proposition – â€Å"Complete men’s facial care regime line: products range from facial soaps, scrubs, non-alcohol based cleansers, and facial lotions. Brand DNA: Category – Facial care for men Character – Clear and Clean for the real man Credibility – Should be tested and approved by Dermatologists and Dermatological Institutes Benefit – Complete men facial regimen: Cleans and Clears the face, while moisturizing he skin. Difference – Made especially for men and men’s skin. Positioning statement – The Product For men of different ages and skin types which provides clear and moisturized skin. Taglin – â€Å"Complete facial regimen for the new man†Ã‚  IMC campaign: TV Advertisements, Newspapers, Men’s Magazines, Bus posters. Storyboard – A construction worker, after a long day building a wall is then seen by his co-workers using a facial wash for women. Co-workers laugh when they see the man has a white face after washing. Co-worker gives the man the facial care product for men. 4. Assuming that you are hired as a marketing manager of a publication company. Your primary task is to develop a new magazine that has a strong  market potential. a. What type of magazine will it be? b. Who will be your target market? c. Estimate or extrapolate the market value potential. What should be the subject mix (topics) of your magazine to attract and sustain readers? d. How will you promote this new magazine? e. What can be a good name for your new magazine? f. Develop DNA diagram and the positioning statement including the tagline. g. What are your pricing and distribution strategies? (20 points) 5. Hair Salons are almost in every corner, be it commercial or residential area. David’s Salon is one of the successful salon chains in the country that is targeting the mid-end of the market. A new phenomenon however took shape in recent years in the form of F Salon Chain and Reyes Cutters that are charging very low fee for a haircut (45.00-50.00 pesos only). For a while the two salons have mushroomed until they suddenly lost esteem. Assuming, you have the capital to establish a hair salon chain, how will you build your brand? Discuss your 7-P strategies. Make sure you provide a brand name and a tagline for your hair salon chain. (20 points.) Brand name: â€Å"Hairline, Careline† Tagline: â€Å"hairline, gone in 60 minutes† People: Adults with receding hairlines. Only a handful of salons or barbershops really focus on people with hairloss or receding hairlines. Product: A line of hair salons especially for individuals losing hair – services would involve scalp treatments, scalp massages and mainly haircuts that hide hair-loss and receding hairlines. Price: Haircut – Php 150; Massage – 200; Scalp treatments – 200-300 (depending on the treatment: e.g. spa or menthol) Placement: SM Malls, Robinsons malls (non-high end malls) Process: Customers come in and is assisted by the front desk for introduction of services. Customer chooses the service. An expert to that service is provided to the customer. Promotion: Newspaper ads, TV commercials, Flyering activities and on-line advertisements and postings on websites like  SULIT.COM, and/or Coupon websites like CASHCASHPINOY. 6. Illustrate the Marketing process that was introduced to the class. Discuss each of the steps in this process including their respective decision points/criteria. (20 points) Discovering / Identifying the Value Segmenting: Identify all possible segments Profiling: Determine the most vulnerable and profitable segment Targeting: Choose your target market Consumer Insighting: Gain consumer insights through research, focus group discussions and/or surveys. Value Offering: Determine your value which is relevant and distinct. This becomes your unique selling proposition. Creating the Value Product Concept: Determine product type, line, depth. Product Development: Determine the features and attributes of your products and how to improve it so that your value proposition will be realized. Branding: Determine Category, Character, Credibility, Benefit and Difference and an appropriate brand name. Positioning: Formulate what you want your target market to perceive about your product and how you want them to understand and accept your value proposition. Create a tagline. Pricing: Determine if higher, parity or lower based on mark-up, targeting or value pricing. Making the Value Accessible Distribution: Determine how you want to go to market (i.e. channels of distribution) Placement Channel Marketing Communicating the Value IMC: Determine how you want to promote your product. EMC 7. Discuss Ansoff’s Growth Matrix. Give examples. (10 points) The Ansoff Matrix, designed by Igor Ansoff, classifies and explains different growth strategies for a company. This matrix is used by companies which have a growth target or a strategy of specialization. This tool, crossing products and markets of a company, facilitates decision making. The Ansoff matrix offers four strategies to achieve the objectives. Market Penetration Trying to make a greater share of an existing market with an existing product. This could involve product re-launch or increasing brand awareness. For example, Ipods can be used for file storage as well, this gained them market share in the storage devices market. Product Development Develop new products to target the company’s existing market segments. For example, Coca Cola introduced Coke Zero and Coke Cherry. Market Development Finding or creating new markets by targeting new parts of the market or by expansion into different markets. For example, San Miguel introduced San Mig Zero targeting the health conscious people that wanted lesser calories but still enjoy beer. Product Diversification Seeking to create or develop new products, lines or product ranges for new markets. For example, when Apple introduced the IPad tablet, which revolutionized how people work and manage taske with tap and swipe on the screen. Existing Products New Products Existing Markets Market Penetration Product Development New Markets Market Development Diversification 8. Discuss BCG Matrix/Grid (10 points) The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix is a simple tool to assess a company’s position in terms of its product range. Question Marks Question marks are products that grow rapidly and as a result consume large amounts of cash, but because they have low market shares they don’t generate much cash. The result is a large net cash consumption. A question mark has the potential to gain market share and become a star, and eventually a cash cow when the market growth slows. If it doesn’t become a market leader it will become a dog when market growth declines. Question marks need to be analyzed carefully to determine if they are worth the investment required to grow market share. Stars Stars generate large sums of cash because of their strong relative market share, but also consume large amounts of cash because of their high growth rate. So the cash being spent and brought in approximately nets out. If a star can maintain its large market share it will become a cash cow when the market growth rate declines. Dogs Dogs have a low market share and a low growth rate and neither generate nor consume a large amount of cash. However, dogs are cash traps because of the money tied up in a business that has little potential. Such businesses are candidates for divestiture. Cash Cows As leaders in a mature market, cash cows exhibit a return on assets that is greater than the market growth rate – so they generate more cash than they  consume. These units should be ‘milked’ extracting the profits and investing as little as possible. They provide the cash required to turn question marks into market leaders. 9. Discuss Product Life Cycle (10 points) The Product Life Cycle (PLC) is used to map the lifespan of a product. There are generally four stages in the life of a product. These four stages are the Introduction stage, the Growth stage, the Maturity stage and the Decline stage. The Four Stages of the Product Life Cycle 1. Introduction: The Introduction stage is probably the most important stage in the PLC. In fact, most products that fail do so in the Introduction stage. This is the stage in which the product is initially promoted. Public awareness is very important to the of a product. If people don’t know about the product they won’t go out and buy it. There are two different strategies you can use to introduce your product to consumers. You can use either a penetration strategy or a skimming strategy. If a penetration strategy is used then prices are set very high initially and then gradually lowered over time. This is a good stategy to use if there are few competitors for your product. Profits are high with this strategy but there is also a great deal of risk. If people don’t want to pay high prices you may lose out. The second pricing strategy is a skimming strategy. In this case you set your prices very low at the beginning and then gradually increase them. This is a good strategy to use if there are alot of competitors who control a large portion of the market. Profits are not a concern under this strategy. The most important thing is to get you product known and worry about making money at a later time. 2. Growth: If you are lucky enough to get your product out of the Introduction stage you then enter this stage. The Growth stage is where your product starts to grow. In this stage a very large amount of money is spent on advertising. You want to of telling the consumer how much better your product is than your competitors’ products. There are several ways to advertise your product. You can use TV and radio commercials, magazine and newspaper ads, or you could get lucky and customers who have bought your product will give good word-of-mouth to their friends/family. If you are successful with your advertising strategy then you will see an increase in sales. Once your sales begin to increase you share of the market will stabilize. Once you get to this point you will probably not be able to take anymore of the market from your competitors. 3. Maturity: The third stage in the Product Life Cycle is the maturity stage. If your product completes the Introduction and Growth then it will then spend a great deal of time in the Maturity stage. During this stage sales grow at a very fast rate and then gradually begin to stabilize. The key to surviving this stage is differentiating your product from the similar products offered by your competitors. Due to the fact that sales are beginning to stabilize you must make your product stand out among the rest. 4. Decline: This is the stage in which sales of your product begin to fall. Either everyone that wants to has bought your product or new, more innovative products have been created that replace yours. Many companies decide to withdrawal their products from the market due to the downturn. The only way to increase sales during this period is to cut your costs reduce your spending. 10. How can Marketing help in nation building? What marketing concept(s) can be more useful for nation building? (5-point bonus) Nation building can be done through promotion of the wonders of the Philippines using advertisements that can be shown using international programs such as CNN and BBC. Commercials that would emphasize the talents of the people, as well as promote investments of foreign companies or investors. References: http://www.tutor2u.net/business/marketing/segmentation_why.asp http://www.nku.edu/~issues/internet_marketing/newwebpage1.html http://www2.accaglobal.com/documents/boston_consulting.pdf http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/Ansoff-matrix.html